TRIDENT materials shots, Feb-Apr 2001

Damian Swift, Sep 24 2002, LLNL-WEB-824672.

Configuration

All: spot diameter ~4 mm, drive laser 1.054 um (IR), VISAR velocimetry. Unless stated, all flyers on sapphire/C/Al/Al2O3/Al substrate.

Shot log

ShotFlyerTargetEnergyPulseCamera sweepCamera delayComments
(J) (ns) (ns) (ns)
1 Mar
12932Cu, ~50 um (DAS#3)-11~200500
12933Cu, ~50 um (DAS#7)-~0.5 to 1~200500Faraday problem
12934substrate only -14~200500fringes vanished
12935Cu, ~50 um (DAS#6)-13~200500
5 Mar
12949Cu, ~50 um (DAS#1)-(14 requested)~200500no energy record
12950Cu, ~50 um (DAS#2)-7~200500Faraday problem; flyer holed microscope slide lens shield
12951Cu, ~50 um (DAS#4)-~0.5 to 1~200500Faraday problem; sample caught with microscope slide
12952Cu, ~50 um (DAS#5)-25~200500flyer holed catcher slide
12953Al, 30+/-1 um, no substrate-27~200500Al had black pen on rear to absorb IR (maybe); flyer fractured catcher slide
6 Mar
12955Al, 30+/-1 um, glass substrate-11~20010001574black Sharpie on Al again; substrate was m-scope slide; fringes moved: ~1.2 km/s
12956Cu ~80 um, glue ~5 um (DAS#10)-12~20010001674fringes moved ~150 m/s (shock); tilted breakout
12957Cu ~67 um, glue ~2 um (DAS#11)-16~20010001674very like 12956
12958Cu ~234 um, glue ~14 um (DAS#9)-28~20010001774very gradual acceleration
12959Cu ~199 um, glue ~6 um (DAS#13)-56~20010001774smooth ~200 to 300 m/s over 100 ns; debris broke 2nd sapphire back-shield and damaged zone plate
7 Mar
12961sapphire only-54~20010001774spalled both surfaces of sapphire; holed angled glass blast shield (thin), damage to RPP
12962coated sapphire only, 560 um spacerm-slide window26~20010001774Thick BK7 RPP shield hereon. Uniform acceln + impact, sapphire only cracked
12963coated sapphire only, 560 um spacerm-slide window49~20010001774M-slide blast shield. Sapphire fractured, blast shield intact but beam or spall damage; large chunk spalled from BK7 at target side (beam damage?); damage to RPP at target side (from beam or reflection, though no reflections should be near - damage was just at N edge of beam).
12964coated sapphire only, 560 um spacerm-slide window51~20010001774M-slide blast shield. No RPP this shot. Accel less uniform but ~OK.
12965coated sapphire only, 560 um spacerm-slide window51~20010001774No RPP this shot. Accel less uniform but ~OK, seems slightly faster than with m-slide blast shield.
8 Mar
12967Cu ~59 um, glue ~4 um (DAS#22), 242 um spacer (less Cu, glue)m-slide window20~20010001774No RPP. Symmetry poor, fringes not clear
12968Cu ~1xx um, glue ~x um (DAS#21), ~360 um spacer (less Cu, glue)PMMA window23~20010001774M-slide shield. No RPP. Some fringe motion.
12969Al 30+/-1 um / molasses / m-slide substrate; ~240 nm spacerPMMA window24~20010001774Nice acceleration and impact.
12970Cu ~51 um, epoxy ~2 um (DAS#23), spacerPMMA window20~20010001774Fringes hard to interpret.
12971Al 30 um / molasses / sapphire substrate; ~240 nm spacerPMMA window22~20010001774M-slide blast shield. A little fringe motion.
12972Al 30 um / molasses / m-slide substrate; ~240 nm spacerPMMA window23~20010001774M-slide blast shield. Beautiful acceleration + impact.
12973Cu 56 um / molasses / m-slide substrate; ~240 nm spacerPMMA window33~20010001774M-slide blast shield. Acceleration OK (fringes poorer one side - foil bent?) + impact.
12974Cu 105 um / molasses / 2 x m-slide substrate with optical matching fluid; ~240 nm spacerPMMA window42~20010001774M-slide blast shield. Acceleration OK.
12 Mar
12975Cu 45 +/- 1 um / molasses 8 - 12 um / m-slide substrate~240 um spacer / PMMA window24~20010001774Coffee stain spacer on Cu. OK acceleration and impact, flyer rebounded from target assy.
12976Cu 31 +/- 1 um / molasses 16 - 20 um / m-slide substrate~240 um spacer / PMMA window22~20010001774Coffee stain spacer on Cu. OK acceleration and impact, flyer rebounded from target assy.
12977Cu 35 +/- 1 um / honey 16 +/- 4 um / m-slide substrate~240 um spacer / PMMA window23~20010001774Coffee stain spacer on Cu. OK acceleration and impact, flyer rebounded from target assy.
12978Cu 28 +/- 1 um / molasses 16 +/- 4 um / m-slide substrate~130 um spacer / PMMA window22~2005002274Coffee stain spacer on substrate (hereon). OK acceleration and impact, flyer stayed in target assy.
12979Cu 30 +/- 2 um / Seran wrap 12 - 15 um / m-slide substrate~130 +/- 1 um spacer / PMMA window20~2005002374Refractive index matching fluid either side of Seran. No coffee this shot. OK acceleration and impact, flyer stayed in target assy.
12980Cu 30 +/- 1 um / molasses ~20 um / m-slide substrate~124 +/- 2 um spacer / PMMA window29~2005002374Fringes not very clear (probe: spot focus; reflection from window).
12981Cu 30 +/- 2 um / molasses ~20 um / m-slide substrate~129 +/- 2 um spacer / PMMA window32~2005002374OK acceleration and impact.
12982Cu 33 +/- 2 um / molasses ~12 - 15 um / m-slide substrate~130 +/- 3 um spacer / PMMA window19~2005002424Fringes not very clear.
13 Mar
12984Cu ~30 um / molasses ~48 um / m-slide substrate~133 um spacer / PMMA window17~2005002424Fringes not very clear.
12985Cu ~30 um / molasses ~20 um / m-slide substrate~133 um spacer / PMMA window11~2005002424Fringes not very clear.
12986Cu ~30 um / molasses ~20 um / m-slide substrate~133 um spacer / PMMA window10~2005002424Good fringes and impact.
12987Cu ~30 um / molasses ~20 um / m-slide substrate~133 um spacer / PMMA window15~2005002424Good fringes and impact.
12988Cu ~30 um / molasses ~20 um / m-slide substrate~133 um spacer / PMMA window28~2005002424Good fringes and impact.
12989Cu ~28 um / molasses ~13 +/- 1 um / m-slide substrate~130 +/- 3 um spacer / PMMA window35~200500; 502424; 3100Good fringes and impact on cam 1, cam 2 too early?
12990Cu block ~110 um / Cu foil ~27 um / molasses ~12 um / m-slide substrate~269 um spacer / PMMA window33~200500; 502424; 3150Cam 1: good fringes and impact for foil, slow acceleration for block. Cam 2: acceleration phase? No recovery (bounced out back).
12991 Cu foil ~31 +/- 1 um / molasses ~6 +/- 2 um / m-slide substrate ~266 um spacer / Cu block ~109 um (inside spacer ring) / PMMA window 33~200500; 502424; 3150 Block covers ~half camera view. Cam 1: good fringes and impact for foil; shock and release for block. Cam 2: acceleration phase? No recovery (bounced out back).
12992 Cu foil ~109 +/- 1 um / molasses ~22 um / single m-slide substrate ~266 um spacer / PMMA window 35~200500; 502424; 3150 Fringes not very good. Tilted coffee stain? Nice recovered parts: spall plus radial cracks in PMMA.
12993 Cu foil ~114 +/- 4 um / molasses ~7 um / single m-slide substrate ~133 um spacer / PMMA window 41~200500; 502424; 3150 Fringes not very clear. Nice recovered parts: spall plus radial and circular cracks in PMMA.
14 Mar
12995 Cu foil ~120 +/- 9 um / molasses ~3 +/- 9 um / double m-slide substrate with optical matching fluid ~133 um spacer / PMMA window 33~200500; 502424; 3150 Strange fringes. Possibly bubbles in molasses (sat overnight).
12996 Cu foil ~112 um / molasses ~16 um / double m-slide substrate with optical matching fluid ~133 um spacer / m-slide window 32~200500; 502424; 3150 Camera 1: acceleration OK.
12997 Cu foil ~59 +/- 2 um / molasses ~10 um / m-slide substrate ~400 um spacer / Ce segment ~230 um / vacuum grease / PMMA window 27~200500; 502324; 3150 Camera 1: flyer acceleration OK; didn't catch impact.
12998 Cu foil ~31 um / molasses ~4 um / double m-slide substrate with optical matching fluid ~400 um spacer / Ce segment (across longitudinal grains in circular sample) ~235 um / vacuum grease / PMMA window 25~200500; 502424; 3300 Camera 1: flyer acceleration + Ce shock arrival OK; Ce post-shock fringes had low contrast.
12999 Cu foil ~58 um / molasses ~10 um (no coffee) / m-slide substrate ~266 um spacer / Ce segment (across longitudinal grains in circular sample) ~235 um / vacuum grease / PMMA window 27~200500; 502424; 3300 M-slide shield/catcher. Failed to recover sample (recoiled through flyer). Camera 1: flyer acceleration + Ce surface OK.
13000 Cu foil ~53 um / molasses ~8 um (no coffee) / m-slide substrate ~400 um spacer / Ce segment (along longitudinal grains in circular sample) ~235 um / vacuum grease / m-slide window 15~2001000; 501774; 3300 M-slide shield/catcher. Failed to recover sample (recoiled through flyer). Camera 1: flyer acceleration + Ce surface good, probably wave profile and release.
13001 Cu disc ~50 um (TFF/GA 5 mm dia)/ molasses ~10 um (no coffee) / double m-slide substrate with optical matching fluid ~400 um spacer / Ce segment (equiaxed region in circular sample) ~235 um / vacuum grease / m-slide window 12~2001000; 501924; 3300 M-slide shield/catcher. Failed to recover sample (recoiled through flyer). Camera 1: flyer acceleration + Ce surface OK, but late-time bright spot in flyer region (plasma/shine?).
13002 Cu foil ~56 um / molasses ~7 um (no coffee) / m-slide substrate ~400 um spacer / AuCd block ~220 +/- 10 um (possibly wedged) / vacuum grease / m-slide window 11~2001000; 501924; 3300 Delayed probe laser an extra 150 ns to match camera 1 (forgot before). M-slide shield/catcher. Failed to recover sample (recoiled through flyer). Camera 1: flyer acceleration + AuCd surface fairly good.
19 Mar
13007 Cu foil ~54 um / molasses ~0 um (no coffee) / m-slide substrate ~400 um spacer / AuCd block ~217 um / vacuum grease / m-slide window 15~2001000; 501900; 3300 M-slide and AuCd flush at impact surface. Poor fringe contrast. (Previously "fired" as 13003 and 13006 with no energy.)
13008 Cu foil ~57 um / molasses ~15.5 um / m-slide substrate ~133 um spacer / AuCd block ~220 um in m-slide L holder / PMMA 15~2001000; 501900; 3270 Poor fringe contrast (reflections? - used area illumination).
13009 Cu foil ~57 um / molasses ~15.5 um / m-slide substrate ~133 um spacer / AuCd block ~220 um in m-slide L holder / PMMA 15~2001000; 501900; 3170 Area illumination. Poor fringe contrast (reflections?).
13019 Cu foil ~55 um / molasses ~18 um / PMMA substrate ~133 um spacer / Cu ~107 um / spacer / PMMA 15~2001000; 501900; 3120 Line illumination. Poor fringe contrast (slit probably too narrow => too few speckles). Cam 1: plate accel + shock breakout (pretty uniform); possible spall - hard to see.
4 Apr
13077 Cu foil ~55 um / molasses / m-slide substrate ~133 um spacer / Cu ~107 um / spacer / PMMA 30~2001000; 501900; 3370 Cam 1: fringe jump at one side; no clear acceleration.
13078 Cu foil ~55 um / molasses / m-slide substrate ~180 um spacer / AuCd block ~220 um / vacuum grease / PMMA 28~2001000; 501900; 3370 Spacer hole large: flyer foil could be inside, reducing space by 55 um. Cam 1: some evidence of acceleration, shock and release.
13079 Cu foil ~55 um / molasses / PMMA substrate ~135 um spacer / CeSc block ~216 um / vacuum grease / PMMA 23~2001000; 501900; 3370 Fringes didn't move much - reflections? Hard impact. Sample recovered.
13080 Cu foil ~55 um / coated PMMA substrate ~135 um spacer / CeSc block ~216 um / vacuum grease / PMMA 21~2001000; 501900; 3370 Fringes didn't move - reflections? Hard impact. Sample recovered.
13081 Cu foil ~55 um / coated PMMA substrate ~135 um spacer / CeSc block ~216 um / vacuum grease / PMMA 21~2001000; 501900; 3370 Little fringe motion + odd structures. Hard impact. Sample recovered.
13082 Cu disc ~55 um / epoxy / coated PMMA substrate ~100 um spacer / AuZn (100) block ~194 um / vacuum grease / PMMA 27~2001000; 501900; 3370 Some evidence of acceleration but not very clear. Hard impact. Sample recovered.
5 Apr
13084 Cu disc ~55 um / epoxy / coated PMMA substrate ~74 um spacer (minus grease) / CeSc block ~216 um / vacuum grease / PMMA 37~2001000; 501900; 3370 Hard impact. Sample recovered. Damage to RPP.
13085 Cu foil ~55 um / epoxy / coated PMMA substrate ~185 um spacer (minus grease - seemed thick) / CeSc block ~216 um / vacuum grease / PMMA 21~2001000; 501900; 3370 Hard impact. Sample recovered.
9 Apr
13088 Cu foil ~55 um / epoxy / coated PMMA substrate - 12~2001000; 501900; 3370 Acceleration with intensity dropping from centre outwards - plasma / electron leak? Flyer broke VISAR shield.
13089 Cu disc ~55 um / epoxy / coated PMMA substrate ~78 um spacer / 194 um AuZn (100) flush with m-slide / PMMA 13~2001000; 501900; 3370 No camera trigger. Sample recovered.
13090 Au disc ~55 um x 8 mm dia / epoxy / coated PMMA substrate ~133 um spacer / 194 um AuZn (100) flush with m-slide / PMMA 14~2001000; 501900; 3370 No camera trigger. Sample recovered.
13091 Au disc ~55 um x 8 mm dia / epoxy / coated PMMA substrate ~133 um spacer / 194 um AuZn (100) flush with m-slide / PMMA 18~2001000; 501900; 3370 Left block in VISAR arm so no fringes. Etalon wiggles on acceleration. Sample recovered.
13092 Au disc ~55 um x 8 mm dia / epoxy / coated PMMA substrate ~133 um spacer / 216 um CeSc flush with m-slide / PMMA 21~2001000; 501900; 3370 No clear acceleration. Some sign of shock breakout. Sample recovered.
10 Apr
13094 Cu foil ~53 um / epoxy / coated PMMA substrate ~266 um spacer / m-slide 23~2001000; 501900; 3370 Smooth acceleration and impact near end of record. Part of trace obscured: plasma leak?
13097 Cu foil ~53 um / epoxy / coated PMMA substrate ~133 um spacer / m-slide 15~2001000; 501900; 3370 Smooth acceleration though fringe contrast decreased; clear impact and ring down. Etalon fringes in early motion.
13100 Cu foil ~53 um / epoxy / coated PMMA substrate ~133 um spacer / AuCd block ~250 um flush with m-slide / PMMA. 15~2001000; 501900; 3370 Acceleration of flyer and impact with m-slide. No sign of AuCd surface motion.
13103 Cu foil ~53 um / molasses + coffee / BK7 substrate (4 mm thick) ~133 um spacer / m-slide 10~2001000; 501900; 3370 Slow acceleration. Impact followed by psychedelic ripply patterns.
13104 Cu foil ~53 um / epoxy / coated PMMA substrate ~133 um spacer / AuCd block ~250 um flush with m-slide / PMMA. 11~2001000; 501900; 3370 Flyer acceleration weak with reflections. Impact on slide followed by bright ripples. No sign of AuCd surface motion. Sample recovered.
13105 Cu foil ~53 um / molasses and coffee / m-slide ~133 um spacer / AuCd block ~250 um flush with m-slide / PMMA. 11~2001000; 501900; 3870 Flyer: nice acceleration, impact, release. No sign of AuCd surface motion. Sample rebounded through back (recovered from mounting stage).
13106 Cu foil ~53 um / epoxy / coated PMMA substrate ~133 um spacer / AuCd block ~250 um flush with m-slide / PMMA. 21~2001000; 501900; 3570 Flyer: maybe weak acceleration and impact with m-slide. Sample: maybe very low speed surface motion.
13107 Al foil ~27 um / molasses + coffee / BK7 substrate (4 mm thick) ~266 um spacer / m-slide 16~2001000; 501900; 3570 Acceleration fringes not clear (takeoff time clear); reflections. Post-impact: messy pattern. Al may have broken up. Coffee stain and some molasses remained; most cracking in substrate was at flyer side, though cracks extended to drive side. No spall.
13108 Cu foil ~53 um / molasses and coffee / m-slide ~100 um spacer / AuCd block ~250 um / epoxy / PMMA. 16~2001000; 501900; 3670 Flyer: nice acceleration. No sign of impact or AuCd shock. Sample rebounded through back.
13109 Cu foil ~53 um / molasses and coffee / m-slide ~133 um spacer / CeSc block ~220 um / epoxy / PMMA. 18~2001000; 501900; 3670 Flyer: very slight fringe motion (mainly etalon effect). Everything recovered. Some idiot had put flyer/substrate assy in backwards: beam damage to surface of Cu but otherwise everything was unaffected.
11 Apr
13111 Cu foil ~53 um / molasses and coffee / m-slide ~133 um spacer / CeSc block ~220 um / epoxy / PMMA. 17~2001000; 501900; 3670 Some evidence of acceleration and shock breakout, but obscured probably by window reflections.
13112 Cu foil ~53 um / epoxy / coated PMMA ~133 um spacer / m-slide 17~2001000; 501900; 3670 Clear acceleration, impact, ring-down.
13113 Au disc ~50 um x 8 mm dia / glue / coated PMMA ~133 um spacer / m-slide 17~2001000; 501900; 3670 Reasonable acceleration (contrast decreased with time). Impact occurred after end of record.
13114 Cu foil ~53 um / epoxy / coated PMMA ~133 um pillars (+ epoxy: ~150 um) / CeSc ~220 um bridge 18~2001000; 501900; 3670 Coating formed branch-like capillaries on wiping with acetone to remove grease. (Didn't extend to centre.) Excellent acceleration, shock breakout, release/ringing. Shock was tilted (sample was probably tilted).
13115 Cu foil ~53 um / epoxy / m-slide ~133 um pillars (+ epoxy: ~150 um) / CeSc ~220 um bridge 18~2001000; 501900; 3670 Excellent acceleration, shock breakout, release/ringing. Shock was tilted (sample was probably tilted).
13116 Au disc ~50 um x 8 mm dia / glue / coated PMMA ~50 um spacer / m-slide 17~2001000; 501900; 3670 Good acceleration (contrast decreased with time) and impact; reasonable release/ringing.
13117 Cu foil ~53 um / epoxy / coated PMMA ~133 um pillars (+ epoxy: ~150 um) / AuCd ~210 um bridge 18~2001000; 501900; 3670 AuCd was recovered from shot 13106. Flyer: excellent acceleration. Sample: some structure indicating shock breakout, then went dark.
13118 Cu foil ~53 um / epoxy / coated PMMA ~133 um pillars (+ epoxy: ~150 um) / AuCd ~210 um bridge 10~2001000; 501900; 3670 AuCd was recovered from shot 13104. Camera 1: blank. Camera 2: a few stray specks.
13119 Cu foil ~53 um / epoxy / coated PMMA ~133 um pillars (+ epoxy: ~150 um) / CeSc ~70 um bridge 11~2001000; 501900; 3670 Acceleration started OK, then black region spread from centre. Cu foil had a mound; maybe this burst and released plasma / electrons.
12 Apr
13121 Cu disc ~100 um / glue / coated PMMA ~60 um pillars / CeSc ~220 um bridge ~1~2001000; 501900; 3670 Faraday problem. Very slight fringe motion (etalon effect). Target assy lost but PMMA not cracked.
13122 Au disc ~50 um x 8 mm dia / glue / coated PMMA ~60 um pillars / CeSc ~210 um bridge 19~2001000; 501900; 3670 Flyer: contrast poor but acceleration visible. Sample: pretty good shock arrival (multi-wave) but contrast worsened near maximum speed. Dark region spread from point on sample surface.
13123 Cu disc ~100 um / epoxy / coated PMMA ~60 um pillars / AuZn (100) ~270 um bridge 20~2001000; 501900; 3670 Flyer: clear acceleration with horizontal fringes superimposed; acceleration may vary spatially; still accelerating on impact. Sample: pretty clear shock arrival and reverberations.
13124 Au disc ~50 um x 8 mm dia / glue / coated PMMA ~60 um pillars / AuZn (100) ~270 um bridge 20~2001000; 501900; 3670 Flyer: acceleration not very clear, though usable. Sample: shock arrival and release/ringing OK. Dark region moves sideways from sample across flyer fringes - jet?
13125 Cu disc ~100 um / epoxy / coated PMMA ~60 um pillars / AuZn (100) ~270 um bridge 16~2001000; 501900; 3670 Flyer: clear acceleration. Sample: reasonably clear shock arrival (a little fuzzy) and release/reverberation.
13126 Cu disc ~100 um / epoxy / coated PMMA ~60 um pillars / Cu ~199 um semicircular bridge 16~2001000; 501900; 3670 Acceleration, some sign of impact but fringes messy and large intensity variations across field-of-view made weaker fringes noisy with scatter.
13127 Cu disc ~50 um / epoxy / coated PMMA ~60 um pillars / Cu ~100 um semicircular bridge 10.5~2001000; 501900; 3670 Acceleration with some obscuration and a dark patch which moved away. Shock arrival clear, though intensity dropped some time later (dark band) then increased again. Possible jet from edge of sample.
13128 Au disc ~50 um x 8 mm dia / glue / coated PMMA ~60 um pillars / m-slide with ~1 um diamond-like C over one side. 20~2001000; 501900; 3670 Good acceleration (C obscured Au reflection where present), reasonable impact / ring-down (arrival tilted: target tilt?). No evidence of effect from C. Late-time uniform velocity wiggle across interface.
13 Apr
13130 Cu disc ~50 um / glue / coated PMMA ~180 um spacer / PMMA 9~2001000; 501900; 3670 Some trace of acceleration, though obscured by reflections. (Cam 2 possibly saw end of acceleration.) Recovered sample had a dimple in the centre, possibly effect of edge release.
13131 Cu disc ~50 um / glue / coated PMMA ~135 um spacer / sugar crystal 8.4~2001000; 501900; 3670 Acceleration OK, low intensity through sugar (rough surface), possible trace of impact. (Note: photo caption says 13132.)
13132 Au disc ~50 um x 8 mm dia / glue / coated PMMA ~60 um spacer / sugar crystal 16~2001000; 501900; 3670 Acceleration good and visible through sample; some change on impact. M-slide VISAR shield destroyed.
13133 Cu disc ~200 um / glue / coated PMMA ~60 um spacer / m-slide over half 17~2001000; 501900; 3670 Clear but slow acceleration with superimposed slant fringes; probably captured impact, but confused by reflection from m-slide. M-slide VISAR shield intact with no sign of impact. ~0.5 mm hole in centre of PMMA.
13134 Ce foil ~100 um / epoxy / coated PMMA ~135 um spacer / m-slide over half 13~2001000; 501900; 3670 Pretty clear acceleration (rough oxide surface => low intensity). Reflection and etalon effect through slide, but some sign of impact and release.
13135 Cu disc ~200 um / glue / coated PMMA ~60 um spacer / AuCd (111?) ~460 um 17~2001000; 501900; 3670 Nice acceleration, nice shock arrival and release in sample. Possible lateral jet from AuCd: could be used as fiducial for impact time.
13136 Ce foil ~100 um / epoxy / coated PMMA ~135 um spacer / Ce block ~200 um 12~2001000; 501900; 3670 Nice acceleration (rough oxide surface => low intensity). Shock breakout with structure behind: may be long precursor. VISAR shield chipped.
13137 Cu disc ~200 um / spoxy / coated PMMA ~60 um spacer / AuCd (111?) ~460 um 23~2001000; 501900; 3670 Added filter to AuCd side of cam 1 to flatten field. Nice acceleration, noisy precursor and shock, possible spall. Shattered VISAR shield.
13138 Cu disc ~200 um / spoxy / coated PMMA ~60 um spacer / AuCd (111?) ~460 um 43~2001000; 501900; 3670 Filter on AuCd side of cam 1 to flatten field. Nice acceleration, nice shock and release (very similar to 13135).

Observations

  1. Free-standing sapphire damaged more by laser beam (spalled at both surfaces) than sapphire with C/Al etc coatings (e.g. 12961 to 12965).
  2. Sapphire substrates: shock-like jump and low final velocity, cf microscope slide (soda-lime glass, tested with Corning and Fisher) where acceleration was gradual and greater (e.g. 12969, 12970).
  3. Microscope slide substrates generally shatter.
  4. RPP makes drive significantly more uniform (e.g. 12955 to 12959 cf 12967, 12968).
  5. Over a few J laser energy, many substrate fragments blown backwards, damaging / breaking shields.
  6. At ~50 J or above (200 ns pulse), laser beam may damage RPP and RPP shield. Damage may be from reflected / resonant effects - suggested to explain unexpected position of damage wrt beam centre. (12959, 12961).
  7. Can use refractive index-matching fluid to stack microscope slide substrates for use with thick flyers (e.g. 12974).
  8. Molasses driver with coffee-stain spacer gives reproducible acceleration, on ~500 ns sweep at least (e.g. 12975, 12976, 12978).
  9. Honey, molasses and food wrap (polyethene) give similar drive (12976, 12977, 12978, 12979).
  10. Coffee stain on Cu foil cf on substrate: similar acceleration history, but when on Cu, irradiated region tends to separate from foil (12965 to 12968). Postulate: more energy deposited in coffee stain than molasses or honey; stain has form of raised circle; if deposited on flyer, localises heat or pressure and damages edges. (Could possibly use deliberately to cut flyer from foil.)
  11. It's possible to have a contribution to the fringe intensity which doesn't move with the surface. This was observed with a window, and is presumably the effect of reflections from the window. It was observed when illuminating a region rather than a line (e.g. 12979 to 12982 cf 12984 to 12993).
  12. With a window, some structure was superimposed on the fringes as they moved during the early phase of acceleration. This may be reflections from the window creating an etalon with the surface of the flyer - a Michelson interferometer. The spacing decreased with speed, with is consistent. (e.g. some from 12979 to 12993, and also a few camera 2 images here.)
  13. Obtained acceleration history for a range of substrates, including coated sapphire, sapphire with coffee and molasses, microscope slide with coffee and molasses, microscope slide with coffee and honey, microscope slide with optical matching fluid and polyethene film, microscope slide with epoxy, double microscope slide (optical matching fluid between) with coffee and molasses, PMMA with coffee and molasses, coated PMMA with fish glue, coated PMMA with epoxy, BK7 with coffee and molasses.
  14. Nice acceleration fringes for 26 um Al (129xx), 30 um Cu (129xx), 50 um Cu (12xxx, 13xxx), 100 um Cu (129xx), 50 um Au (13xxx).
  15. Can arrange acceleration then impact with window. Can see initial slow-down on impact, then release wave. (e.g. 12972 to 12981).
  16. Can arrange acceleration then impact over part of flyer with target in contact with window: fringes accelerate where flyer visible, not initially where target visible; shock then release at surface of target; impact of flyer with window (e.g. 12991).
  17. Mounting high areal mass payload on low areal mass foil is inefficient (e.g. 12990).
  18. Can recover flyer and target (e.g. 12292, 12293).
  19. Deduced acceleration curves for 30 um Cu (12973 to 12993), 50 um Cu (12997, 12999 to 13002), 100 um Cu (), 50 um Au ().
  20. Obtained data to compare acceleration of 5 mm dia flyer cf wider foil (13001 cf 13002).
  21. Usually no sign of interference with the optical signal from plasma leaks etc. Some shots showed a dark region spreading from a point on the flyer - or possibly the sample! (e.g. 13119, 13122)
  22. With foil on substrates (central part acting as flyer), recovered samples (some between 12973 and 12993) indicate that the laser spot / plasma accelerates the region under the spot first, then the plasma may expand sideways and push out remaining parts of the foil until stopped by the spacer ring.
  23. Turnaround time was controlled by the cooling period for the flash lamps, ~45 mins. We obtained sustained firing rates of 10 shots/day with no interruptions (mandatory stand-downs etc), and 8 shots/day with delays for indecision. For sequences of shots with energies of ~10 J or below, the flash lamps could be operated as alternate banks in successive shots, reducing the turnaround time by nearly a factor of two. In these cases, the time was dominated by target and diagnostic preparation.
  24. Over 15 J or so, brass target holder is pushed forward in Al ring (presumably by reaction from gas / fragment ejection). Distance moved increases with energy.
  25. Developed way to mount sample targets against window, for flyer impact, using spacers and vacuum grease or epoxy.
  26. Developed way to mount sample targets flush with window impact surface using glass rectangles, epoxy glue and a PTFE tape.
  27. Developed way to mount samples spaced from flyer using spacer pillars glued to the flyer or substrate and a "bridge" of the sample glued to the pillars.
  28. Proposed ways of handling materials which react with air, using nitrogen supply to target chamber and nitrogen work bag.
  29. Demonstrated ability to work with pure Ce, which reacts slowly with air, using mineral oil in storage.
  30. Obtained wave profile against window for target of Ce (12998 to 13001) and AuCd (13002).
  31. Obtained free surface velocity profile for CeSc (13114, 13115), AuZn (100) (13123, 12124, 12125), AuCd (111) (13135, 13137, 13138)..
  32. Obtained window deceleration histories for microscope slide glass (Fisher) with Cu and Au flyers (13097, 13112, 13116).
  33. Blast shield at drive side can generally be cleaned up (i.e. is not pitted) for drive energies below ~20J (PMMA / microscope slide substrate).
  34. Couldn't test containment cell because beam alignment camera in E port was occluded by edge of cell. (Cell seemed OK; tried to use on shot 13127 and fitted into chamber and around all other components with no trouble; target was visible reflected in m-slide optics shield.)